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\begin{document}
\title{XPS valence band studies of LaNi$_{5-x}$M$_x$ (M = Al, Co) alloy thin films}
\author{\underline{J.Skoryna}}
\affiliation{Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17,   60-179 Poznań, Poland}
\author{A. Marczyńska}
\affiliation{Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17,   60-179 Poznań, Poland}
\author{S. Pacanowski}
\affiliation{Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17,   60-179 Poznań, Poland}
\author{A. Szajek}
\affiliation{Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17,   60-179 Poznań, Poland}
\author{L. Smardz}
\affiliation{Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17,   60-179 Poznań, Poland}
\begin{abstract}
LaNi$_{5-x}$M$_x$ (M = Al, Co) alloy thin films were prepared onto oxidised Si(100) substrates in the temperature range 285–700K using UHV magnetron co-sputtering. The surface chemical composition and valence bands of all the alloy thin films were measured in-situ, immediately after deposition, transferring the samples to an UHV analysis chamber equipped with XPS. Structural studies showed that the samples deposited at 295K are nanocrystalline with average grain size D$\sim$15-20 nm. Thin films deposited at about 700K are polycrystalline with D$\sim$200 nm. XPS results showed that the shape of the valence bands measured for the polycrystalline samples is practically the same compared to those obtained theoretically from ab-initio band structure calculations. On the other hand, the XPS valence bands of the nanocrystalline LaNi$_{5-x}$M$_x$ thin films are considerably broader compared to those measured for the polycrystalline samples. This is probably due to a strong deformation of the nanocrystals. Therefore, the different microstructure observed in polycrystalline and nanocrystalline alloy thin films leads to significant modifications of their electronic structure.

\end{abstract}
\maketitle

\end{document}
